Types, Drama Staging and Literary Theory
In general, drama is classified into two types, namely tragedy and comedy. This grouping is based on the drama's philosophical perspective on the nature of human life. The unique view of life in the drama of tragedy lies in the assertion that humans must accept the inevitable fate. However, tragedy also illustrates the fact that although we must face and accept the fate of our destiny, we also have a strong need to give meaning to our destiny. Therefore, the spirit of tragedy is not passive, but full of the spirit of struggle, namely the struggle to give meaning to the fate of human life. The comedy illustrates the fact that no matter how many times we fall or fail, we will be able to get back up and move on with life. Comedy shows an unquenchable will of life. This is the spirit that moves the characters, the spirit to celebrate the joy of life. The joy of life is shown by distorting the seriousness and pain (suffering) in such a way that it can cause humor.
Drama Performance
Drama scripts are made not merely to be read, but rather intended to be staged. To turn a drama script into a performance, many parties need to work together in a compact manner. These parties are producers, directors, actors / actresses, and designers. These various parties then change or concretize the manuscript into a production concept, which is a conceptual formulation or basic idea that unites various different aspects of the staging so that a point of view of meaning together with staging production can be formed. This formula is general, concrete, and inspiring. With the guidance of the production concept, the various parties contribute to each other for the creation of successful performances.
Literary theory of psychoanalysis
Psychoanalytic literary theory considers literature as symptom (symptom) of its author. In patients with hysteria the symptoms appear in the form of physical disorders, while in the literary self the symptoms appear in the form of creative work. Therefore, with this assumption, the characters in a novel, for example, will be treated like humans who live in the author's daydream. Psychological conflicts experienced by these figures can be seen as a reflection or representation of the author's own psychological conflicts. It must be remembered, however, that this reflection takes place unconsciously by the author of the novel itself and often in a distorted form, as is the case with dreams. In other words, the author's unconsciousness works through the activity of creating his novel. So, literary work is actually a hidden fulfillment of the desire of the author who is confined (repressed) in the unconscious.
Structural Literary Theory
Structural literary studies (studies) do not treat a particular literary work as the object of study. The object of his study is the literary system, which is a set of abstract and general conventions that govern the relationships of various elements in the literary text so that the elements are related to one another in a complete whole. Although the conventions that make up the literary system are social in nature and exist in certain public awareness, structural literary studies assume that the conventions can be traced and described from an autonomous analysis of the literary text structure itself, separate from the author or social reality. A thorough and thorough analysis of the relations of various elements that make up the literary text is considered to produce a knowledge of the literary system.
Feminist Literature Theory
The theory of literary feminism sees literary works as a reflection of patriarchal social reality. Therefore, the purpose of applying this theory is to dismantle hidden patriarchal assumptions through images or images of women in literary works. Thus, the reader or researcher will read literary texts with the awareness that she is a woman who is oppressed by a patriarchal social system so that she will be keen to see how the literary texts she reads hide and favor patriarchal views. In addition, the study of literature with a feminist approach is not limited to efforts to dismantle the patriarchal assumptions contained in the way of describing women through literary texts, but develops to study women's literature specifically, namely literary works made by women, which are also called by the term gynocritics.
Here what is sought is a study of the specificity of literary works made by women, both the style, theme, type, and structure of women's literary works. The women writers were also examined specifically, for example the creative process, the biography, and the development of the female literary profession. Such studies are then directed to build a knowledge of the literary history and literary system of women.